当天清朗协和影视，咱们记忆往昔，更好前行。
🤔️小功课：
1. What was the primary outcome observed in countries implementing cash grant programs， according to the study?
A) Increase in national income
B) Decrease in crime rates
C) Reduction in deaths among women and young children
D) Improved educational outcomes
2. What common concern about cash transfers was addressed in the findings?
A) Fear of causing inflation
B) Concern about funds being spent on nonessential items
C) Worry that grants would discourage work
D) Anxiety over the potential increase in population
无刺目原文：
How to Lower Deaths Among Women? Give Away Cash.
From: The New York Times， May 31， 2023
Cash grants made directly to poor families or individuals have led to fewer deaths among women and young children， according to a new analysis of more than 7 million people in 37 countries.
In countries that began making such payments， deaths among women fell by 20 percent， and deaths among children younger than 5 declined by 8 percent， researchers reported on Wednesday in the journal Nature. The impact was apparent within two years of the programs' start and grew over time.
The reductions in death rates were similar whether the funds came with certain conditions， such as school attendance， or whether they had no strings attached， the analysis found. Programs that covered bigger shares of the population or distributed larger amounts of cash produced even greater benefits.
Countries with poor health care and high death rates had the biggest drop in deaths.
In 2019， more than 8 percent of the world's population lived in extreme poverty， subsisting on less than $2.15 per day， and about half the world on less than $6.85 per day. Poverty has insidious effects on housing stability， education， health and life expectancy.
The pandemic drove 97 million additional people into extreme poverty in 2020， according to a World Bank estimate， prompting more countries to start cash transfer programs. Of 962 such programs worldwide， 672 were introduced during the pandemic.
The new study is the first to examine the effect of cash transfers on death rates worldwide， the researchers said. They collected information on these programs between 2000 to 2019 in 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa， one in northern Africa， four in the Asia-Pacific region and three in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The data included information on more than 4 million adults and nearly 3 million children. Roughly 300，000 deaths were recorded during the study. Recipients received between 6 percent and 13 percent of the per capita income in a particular country， often much less than $100.
Donors often worry that beneficiaries may misuse the funds to buy alcohol， junk food or other nonessential items， but “the data just doesn't back that up，” said Audrey Pettifor， a social epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The findings suggest that cash transfers may be helpful not just to women， but to families and entire communities.
- ◆ -
注：好意思满题目见本文泉源；汉文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含刺目全文：
How to Lower Deaths Among Women? Give Away Cash.
From: The New York Times， May 31， 2023
Cashgrantsmade directly to poor families or individuals have led to fewer deaths among women and young children， according to a new analysis of more than 7 million people in 37 countries.
凭证一项对37个国度跳跃700万东谈主伸开的盘考协和影视，成功向清寒家庭或个东谈主提供现款补助不错减少妇女和幼儿的牺牲东谈主数。
grant
grant /ɡrɑːnt/ 作名词，浙大博士生和蜜橘商家的聊天纪录火了文中，示意“（尤指政府为稀零标的给以个东谈主或组织的）拨款，补助金”，英文解释为“an amount of money given especially by the government to a person or organization for a special purpose”如：a student/research grant 助学金/盘考拨款，举个🌰：They'd got a special grant to encourage research 他们已得到了一笔用来提拔盘考的相等补助金。
作动词，示意“（平方指官方）快乐，准予，授予”，英文解释为“to give or allow someone something， usually in an official way”举个🌰：They granted her an entry visa. 他们发给她入境签证。
In countries that began making such payments， deaths among women fell by 20 percent， and deaths among children younger than 5 declined by 8 percent， researchers reported on Wednesday in the journal Nature. The impact was apparent within two years of the programs' start and grew over time.
《当然》杂志发表的一篇论说高傲，在开动支付此类用度的国度中，女性牺牲率下落了20%，五岁以下儿童的牺牲率下落了8%。这种影响在方法开动后的两年内就照旧显着表示，并跟着时分的推移而加多。
The reductions in death rates were similar whether the funds came with certain conditions， such as school attendance， or whether theyhad no strings attached， the analysis found. Programs that covered bigger shares of the population or distributed larger amounts of cash produced even greater benefits.
分析发现，岂论资金是否附带某些条件（如要求小孩上学），牺牲率的裁减皆很相通。覆盖更多东谈主口或披发更多现款的方法得到的恶果更好。
strings attached
示意“（契约等的）附加条件，杀青条目”，英文解释为“If something such as an agreement has strings attached， it involves special demands or limits.”举个🌰：Most of these so-called special offers come with strings attached. 这些所谓的特价品遍及带有附加条件。
Countries with poor health care and high death rates had the biggest drop in deaths.
卫生保健条件差、牺牲率高的国度牺牲东谈主数下落最多。
In 2019， more than 8 percent of the world's population lived in extreme poverty，subsistingon less than $2.15 per day， and about half the world on less than $6.85 per day. Poverty hasinsidiouseffects on housing stability， education， health andlife expectancy.
2019年，全球跳跃8%的东谈主口生活在极点清寒中，每天的生活费不到2.15好意思元，全球约莫一半的东谈主口每天的生活费不到6.85好意思元。清寒对住房的沉静性、评释、健康和预期寿命皆有潜在影响。
subsist
sss视频subsist /səbˈsɪst/ 示意“督察生计；拼集生活”，英文解释为“to get enough food or money to stay alive， but no more”举个🌰：The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water. 犯东谈主们靠面包和水拼集过活。
insidious
insidious /ɪnˈsɪdɪəs/ 示意“隐藏的；隐袭的；隐伏的；黑暗为害的”，英文解释为“spreading gradually or without being noticed， but causing serious harm”举个🌰：The changes are insidious， and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years. 变化是悄然发生的，15到20年间不会产生显着恶果。
🎬电影《灵书妙探》（Castle）中的台词提到：within the vast and insidious conspiracy behind all this， 其背后繁多无情的沟通中。
life expectancy
life expectancy示意“（尤指东谈主的）预期寿命”，英文解释为“the length of time that a living thing， especially a human being， is likely to live”举个🌰：Life expectancy in Europe increased greatly in the 20th century. 欧洲东谈主的预期寿命在20世纪大幅增长。
Thepandemicdrove 97 million additional people into extreme poverty in 2020， according to a World Bank estimate，promptingmore countries to start cash transfer programs. Of 962 such programs worldwide， 672 were introduced during the pandemic.
据世界银行算计，2020年，新冠疫情使全球9700万东谈主堕入极点清寒，促使更多国度启动现款披发谋略。在全球962个此类方法中，有672个是在大流行工夫推出的。
pandemic
韦氏辞书2020年度词汇：Pandemic. pandemic /pænˈdem.ɪk/ 1）作名词，示意“（天下或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world”；
2）作描写词，示意“（疾病）大范畴流行的，世俗膨胀的”，英文解释为“(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people， animals， or plants”举个🌰：In some parts of the world malaria is still pandemic. 辞世界上一些地区疟疾仍在大范畴流行。
对比：
📍epidemic示意“流行病”，英文解释为“a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community”，如：the outbreak of a flu epidemic 流感的爆发。
prompt
prompt /prɒmpt/ 作名词，1）示意“（计较机屏幕上的）指示符（高傲计较机照旧准备好接管指示）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”
📍在ChatGPT火热的今天，prompt平方指的是给模子的输入，用来引发或指引模子生成特定的输出或回答。简而言之，prompt是指用户提供给讲话模子的一段笔墨或大喊，以便模子据此领路用户的需求并给出相应的反映或信息。举例，在与像ChatGPT这么的大讲话模子交互时，用户提议的问题或指示即是一个“prompt”。模子会凭证这个prompt的本体分析、处罚并生成回答或实行相干的任务。Prompt对于大讲话模子来说口舌常关节的，因为它成功决定了模子若何领路和复兴用户的需求。
📍prompt汉文里有译为“指示词”，prompt engineering 即是“指示工程/指示词工程”。
2）示意“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”
3）作动词，示意“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了东谈主群中一须眉的震怒。
📺好意思剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不舒坦。
4）作动词，示意“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone， especially an actor， to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，唯有让东谈主提词。
The new study is the first to examine the effect of cash transfers on death rates worldwide， the researchers said. They collected information on these programs between 2000 to 2019 in 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa， one in northern Africa， four in the Asia-Pacific region and three in Latin America and theCaribbean.
盘考东谈主员示意，这项新盘考初次检会了披发现款对全球牺牲率的影响。他们在2000年至2019年间网罗了29个撒哈拉以南非洲国度、一个北非国度、四个亚太地区国度及三个拉丁好意思洲和加勒比地区国度的此类方法标信息。
Caribbean
Caribbean /ˌkær.ɪˈbiː.ən/ 示意“加勒比海地区的；加勒比海地区东谈主的”，英文解释为“belonging to or relating to Caribbean islands and countries， or their people”如：Caribbean food 加勒比海食物。
The data included information on more than 4 million adults and nearly 3 million children. Roughly 300，000 deaths were recorded during the study.Recipientsreceived between 6 percent and 13 percent of theper capitaincome in a particular country， often much less than $100.
他们共录得跳跃400万成年东谈主和近300万儿童的信息，盘考工夫有约莫30万东谈主牺牲。受助东谈主会赢得特定国度东谈主均收入6%到13%的现款，平方远低于100好意思元。
recipient
recipient /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/ 示意“接管者；聘请者；承受者”，英文解释为“a person who receives something”举个🌰：He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award. 他被授予子民处事奖章。
per capita
per capita /pə ˈkæp.ɪ.tə/ 示意“东谈主均（地）”，英文解释为“If you express an amount per capita， you mean that amount for each person.”举个🌰：France and Germany invest far more per capita in public transport than Britain. 法国和德国在专家交通上的东谈主均进入远高于英国。
Donors often worry thatbeneficiariesmay misuse the funds to buy alcohol，junk foodor othernonessentialitems， but “the data just doesn't back that up，” said Audrey Pettifor， a socialepidemiologistat the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
捐赠者平方记挂受助东谈主可能会蹧跶资金购买乙醇、垃圾食物或其他非必需品，但“数据并莫得评释这少许”，北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的社会流行病学家奥黛丽·佩蒂弗说。
beneficiary
beneficiary /ˌben.əˈfɪʃ.ər.i/ 示意“受益东谈主”，英文解释为“a person or group who receives money， advantages， etc. as a result of something else”举个🌰：Her wife was the chief beneficiary of her will. 她丈夫是她的遗嘱的主要受益东谈主。
junk food
junk food /ˈdʒʌŋk ˌfuːd/ 示意“垃圾食物”，英文解释为“food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat”
nonessential
nonessential /ˌnɒnɪˈsɛnʃəl/ 示意“非必要的”，英文解释为“Nonessential means not absolutely necessary.”
epidemiologist
epidemiologist /ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɑːlədʒɪst/ 示意“流行病学家”，英文解释为“Epidemiologists are scientists who study diseases within populations of people. In essence， these public health professionals analyze what causes disease outbreaks in order to treat existing diseases and prevent future outbreaks.”
The findings suggest that cash transfers may be helpful not just to women， but to families and entire communities.
此外，盘考赶走标明，现款披发可能不仅对女性有匡助，对家庭和统统这个词社区皆有匡助。
- 词汇清点 -
grant、 strings attached、 subsist、 insidious、 life expectancy、 pandemic、 prompt、 Caribbean、 recipient、 per capita、 beneficiary、 junk food、 nonessential、 epidemiologist
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
A pandemic prompted a grant with strings attached in the Caribbean， aiming to subsist recipients on nonessential junk food， an insidious threat to life expectancy. Beneficiaries协和影视， per capita， alarmed epidemiologists.